With recent auditing budget increases, the IRS has become more aggressive about auditing individuals and businesses. Tax return audits are not just random or based on mistakes and “red flags.” Here are the eight most common types of income tax audits:
Mathematical Corrections
The IRS uses computers to find mismatches between names and Social Security numbers, earned income credit qualifications, filing status issues, estimated tax and withholding tax errors, estimated tax assessments, late filing penalties and interest, and a variety of other issues. Sometimes these audits require an appointment, and sometimes the IRS simply recalculates your tax return with a new tax balance, including interest and penalty assessments.
Income Document Matching
IRS computers match all pertinent forms—such as 1099s, W-2s, and K-1s—relating to your name, Social Security number and what you report on your tax return. If the numbers do not match your tax return, an audit occurs. The audit could begin with a phone call, an in-person meeting, or a simple bill itemizing the additional taxes, interest, and penalties.
DIF Scoring
The IRS scores every tax return with a discriminate information function (DIF) number. It is based on calculations used to identify income tax returns with the highest likelihood of tax change on audit. The DIF score increases for various items, such as Schedule C or auto expenses, and decreases for other items (the use of a paid preparer). IRS classifiers review high DIF score tax returns and select which ones and which items will be audited.
Additional Documentation Requests
These audits require you to mail documentation for an item or items on your tax return to an IRS auditor. This may include receipts and proof of payment for the items being examined. For example, if they are auditing your charitable contributions, you will need to provide copies of the receipts from those organizations and copies of the canceled checks to verify your reported numbers. The IRS will disallow any contribution that you cannot prove and will then issue a bill for the balance due, including interest and penalties.
Face-to-Face
These are the audits that have received the most publicity in the last several years. Congressional pressures on the IRS coupled with an increase in funding have dramatically increased audits. This audit begins with a phone call or letter from the IRS. The phone call is designed to solicit information before the actual face-to-face meeting. During the audit appointment, the IRS will examine items on your tax return that could result in a larger tax bill or an audit of other tax years.
National Research Program (NRP)
This audit is the most intrusive, as it thoroughly examines tax returns line by line. For instance, if you claimed a child as a dependent, you would need to provide the birth certificate as proof the child is yours and proof that he or she was living with you during the tax year being audited. This process may continue through every line of your income tax return.
Random
Selecting a return for audit does not always suggest that an error has been made. Returns may be selected using a variety of methods, or the IRS can randomly select an individual tax return for audit.
Financial Status
Your standard of living and other related factors could also trigger a tax audit. Auditors use public records and statistical data to trace spending and changes in wealth to prove that you have unreported income. Some of these records include tax returns for all open years, credit reports, property tax records, business license applications, motor vehicle records, 1099 information, currency transaction reports and SEC filings. Due to potential abuse of these techniques, Congress limited their use in 1998, stating that the IRS cannot use financial status or economic reality techniques unless they have a reasonable indication that there is a likelihood of unreported income. This law, however, does not specifically define “reasonable indication.”
IRS Special Projects
The IRS annually identifies The Dirty Dozen—the 12 most blatant tax scams. They use this list to identify income tax returns for audit.
Fortunately, TaxAudit can help.
If you think any of your current or past income tax returns fall under one of these high-risk categories, or if the IRS has already contacted you with intent to audit you, TaxAudit can help. Learn more about our expert
Audit Defense Services.